Free PDF The Indian Great Awakening: Religion and the Shaping of Native Cultures in Early AmericaBy Linford D. Fisher
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The Indian Great Awakening: Religion and the Shaping of Native Cultures in Early AmericaBy Linford D. Fisher
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The First Great Awakening was a time of heightened religious activity in the colonial New England. Among those whom the English settlers tried to convert to Christianity were the region's native peoples. In this book, Linford Fisher tells the gripping story of American Indians' attempts to wrestle with the ongoing realities of colonialism between the 1670s and 1820. In particular, he looks at how some members of previously unevangelized Indian communities in Connecticut, Rhode Island, western Massachusetts, and Long Island adopted Christian practices, often joining local Congregational churches and receiving baptism. Far from passively sliding into the cultural and physical landscape after King Philip's War, he argues, Native individuals and communities actively tapped into transatlantic structures of power to protect their land rights, welcomed educational opportunities for their children, and joined local white churches. Religion repeatedly stood at the center of these points of cultural engagement, often in hotly contested ways. Although these Native groups had successfully resisted evangelization in the seventeenth century, by the eighteenth century they showed an increasing interest in education and religion. Their sporadic participation in the First Great Awakening marked a continuation of prior forms of cultural engagement. More surprisingly, however, in the decades after the Awakening, Native individuals and sub-groups asserted their religious and cultural autonomy to even greater degrees by leaving English churches and forming their own Indian Separate churches. In the realm of education, too, Natives increasingly took control, preferring local reservation schools and demanding Indian teachers whenever possible. In the 1780s, two small groups of Christian Indians moved to New York and founded new Christian Indian settlements. But the majority of New England Natives-even those who affiliated with Christianity-chose to remain in New England, continuing to assert their own autonomous existence through leasing land, farming, and working on and off the reservations.
While Indian involvement in the Great Awakening has often been seen as total and complete conversion, Fisher's analysis of church records, court documents, and correspondence reveals a more complex reality. Placing the Awakening in context of land loss and the ongoing struggle for cultural autonomy in the eighteenth century casts it as another step in the ongoing, tentative engagement of native peoples with Christian ideas and institutions in the colonial world. Charting this untold story of the Great Awakening and the resultant rise of an Indian Separatism and its effects on Indian cultures as a whole, this gracefully written book challenges long-held notions about religion and Native-Anglo-American interaction
- Sales Rank: #937873 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-06-01
- Released on: 2012-06-01
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"[A] fine exemplar of the maturation of the 'new Indian history, ' which places Native peoples at the center of the American past."
--Nick Griffiths, William and Mary Quarterly
"The Indian Great Awakening reminds us that religious engagement is both complex and personal. By examining the varied lived experiences of many Native Americans throughout southeastern New England, Fisher has reshaped our understanding of the ways in which these complex people navigated the intersections of race and religion in early America, showing clearly that their varied awakenings are no interpretive ficitions."
--Common-Place
"Fisher presents significantly more sophisticated interpretations of religious change that emphasize process, contingency, and lived experience over simple notions of conversion."
--Tracy Neal Leavelle, Early American Literature
"Questions about the extent to which the indigenous peoples of the Americas accepted and adopted the religious life and world views of European colonizers have plagued scholars since the earliest moments of contact....Scholars of the various cultures of Europeans and Native Americans have continuously wrestled with such questions. In his The Indian Great Awakening, Linford Fisher assumes a place alongside some of the best of these scholars."
--Richard A. Bailey, Common-Place
"In this meticulously researched and lucidly fashioned study of colonial Indians' encounters with European Christians, Fisher presses historians to move beyond idealized narratives of Indians undergoing blue-sky irreversible conversions. With great persuasive power, he details the ambiguities and paradoxes, affiliations and disaffiliations that marked the lives of real people caught in the maw of colliding worldviews, land grabs and racial barriers."
--The Christian Century
"Accessible, well written, and founded on thorough research. Recommended."
--CHOICE
"This fine book reconstructs Native encounters with Christian"
About the Author
Linford D. Fisher is Assistant Professor of History, Brown University
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